How to implement urban renewal? 28 typical cases in eight categories for reference

In February 2025, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council recently issued "Opinions on Continuously Promoting Urban Renewal Actions," requiring adherence to the general principle of steady progress, a transformation of urban development and construction methods, the establishment of a sustainable urban renewal model and policies and regulations, the vigorous implementation of urban renewal, the promotion of optimized urban structure, improved functions, the continuation of cultural context, and quality improvement, to create livable, resilient, and smart cities.

The Opinions put forward eight major tasks, including: strengthening the transformation and utilization of existing buildings, promoting the renovation and transformation of old urban communities, carrying out the construction of complete communities, promoting the renewal and transformation of old streets, old factories, and urban villages, improving urban functions, strengthening urban infrastructure construction and transformation, repairing urban ecosystems, and protecting and inheriting urban history and culture.

Combining the first batch of 28 typical urban renewal cases in eight categories issued by the Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development at the beginning of 2024, it showcases the innovative practices of various places across the country in exploring urban renewal paths. It has accumulated a number of good experiences for various places to actively explore and implement urban renewal actions in a classified manner. The cases are divided into eight categories: renewal and transformation of existing buildings, transformation of old urban communities, construction of complete communities, creation of vibrant streets, improvement of urban functions, renewal and transformation of urban infrastructure, urban ecological restoration, and protection and inheritance of urban history and culture. The following are the typical case experiences and practices of urban renewal.

(First batch) list:

I. Cases of Renewal and Transformation of Existing Buildings

1. China Academy of Building Research Building Photovoltaic Zero-Carbon Transformation Project, Beijing

2. Boao Zero-Carbon Demonstration Zone Project, Qionghai City, Hainan Province

II. Cases of Transformation of Old Urban Communities

3. Hongyuping Area Old Community Transformation Project, Chongqing

4. Changshengyuan Community Old Community Transformation Project, Beijing

5. Mudan Community Transformation Project, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

III. Cases of Complete Community Construction

6. Binjiang District Colorful Complete Community Renewal Project, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province

7. Minzhu Village Complete Community Construction Project, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing

8. Community Renewal Project at 380 Lane, Linfen Road, Shanghai

IV. Cases of Creating Vibrant Streets

9. Shougang Old Industrial Zone (North Area) Renewal Project, Beijing

10. Yuanfen New Village Urban Village Organic Renewal Project, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province

11. Daijiaxiang Old Street District Renewal and Transformation Project, Chongqing

V. Cases of Improving Urban Functions

12. Leigong'ao Cultural and Sports Industry Park Project, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province

13. Jianguomen Old Vegetable Market Folk Culture Creative Street District Project, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province

14. Barrier-Free Environment Construction Project for Public Spaces along Yangpu Riverside, Shanghai

VI. Cases of Renewal and Transformation of Urban Infrastructure

15. City Information Model (CIM) Basic Platform Construction Project, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province

16. "One Network Unified Management" Construction Project of Gridded Management Information System, Shanghai

17. Construction Project of Infrastructure Lifeline Safety Engineering, Hefei City, Anhui Province

18. Construction Project of Urban Water System Scientific Dispatching System, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

19. Solid Waste Transfer Center Renewal Project, Jing'an District, Shanghai

VII. Cases of Urban Ecological Restoration

20. Yuanbo Garden Project, Hefei City, Anhui Province

21. Protection and Improvement Project of the Pagoda Hill Scenic Area, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province

22. Maozhou River Governance Project, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province

23. Renewal Project of the Yangtze River National Cultural Park, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province

VIII. Cases of Protection and Inheritance of Urban History and Culture

24. Protection and Renewal Project of Sanfang Qixiang Historical and Cultural Street District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

25. Protection and Renewal Project of Pingjiang Road Historical and Cultural Street District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province

26. Protection and Renewal Project of Taoyangli Historical City Area, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province

27. Protection and Renewal Project of Modeshikou Historical and Cultural Street District, Beijing

28. Protection and Renewal Project of Xiaoxih Lake Area in Old South City, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province

 

Typical Case Experiences and Practices of Urban Renewal (First Batch)

I. Cases of Renewal and Transformation of Existing Buildings

Case 1: China Academy of Building Research Building Photovoltaic Zero-Carbon Transformation Project, Beijing

The project is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing. Originally the office building of the Air Conditioning Research Institute of the China Academy of Building Research, it was built in the 1970s with a total construction area of 3,000 square meters. In 2021, it underwent a comprehensive transformation using photovoltaic-led low-carbon technologies to achieve the goal of zero-carbon operation.

1. Integrated transformation of the building unit. During the transformation, the original appearance of the building was fully preserved. Addressing the building's thermal weaknesses, all windows and curtain walls were replaced, and the entire building's heating and air conditioning systems were upgraded to Class 1 energy efficiency, reducing the building's energy consumption. After the transformation, the measured annual carbon emissions were 189 tons, a reduction of about 15% compared to before the transformation.

2. Exploration of photovoltaic-led low-carbon technologies. Using methods such as roof-mounted and integrated horizontal laying, cadmium telluride thin-film photovoltaic curtain walls with good power generation characteristics and high light transmittance were installed. The measured annual carbon emission reduction of the building's photovoltaic system was 192 tons.

3. Basically achieving annual energy self-balance. Using a self-generation and self-use, surplus power grid-connected model, photovoltaic power generation and building power consumption are basically synchronized, with a high photovoltaic consumption ratio. Surplus power is supplied to the park. The measured annual electricity savings are 220,000 yuan, with a payback period of 6.5 years, indicating good economic returns.

Case 2: Boao Zero-Carbon Demonstration Zone Project, Qionghai City, Hainan Province

The project is located on Dongyu Island, Boao Town, Qionghai City, covering an area of approximately 1.78 square kilometers, with a total construction area of approximately 166,000 square meters. In January 2022, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and Hainan Province decided to jointly create a demonstration zone within three years, creating a window to showcase China's green and low-carbon development concepts, technologies, and practices to the world. Through energy-saving, energy-consumption reduction, and carbon emission reduction renovations of existing buildings in the region, the goal of zero-carbon operation in the region will be achieved through dimensions such as promoting resource recycling, high-quality water supply, intelligent operation, and the creation of a new power system.

1. Implement intelligent zero-carbon transformation. Through an intelligent zero-carbon management platform, monitor and control the construction power consumption, municipal power consumption, carbon sink system, power system, and material circulation system, and other elements of zero-carbon urban construction to improve system operating efficiency.

2. Integrate the use of advanced technologies. Use a variety of evaluation methods, such as carbon emission inventory analysis, carbon reduction benefit analysis per unit investment, and climate adaptability analysis of technologies, to integrate and apply advanced technologies and products such as artificial intelligence energy management systems, all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage systems, and virtual power plants.

3. Explore market participation mechanisms. Integrate the technical and operational aspects of zero-carbon demonstration zone construction, actively introduce social capital through open recruitment, with social investment accounting for 76%, and explore an implementation model that links market investment with business returns.

II. Cases of Transformation of Old Urban Communities

Case 3: Chongqing Hongyuping District Old Residential Area Renovation Project

The project is located in Yuzhou Road Street, Jiulongpo District. The houses involved in the renovation are mostly over 30 years old and generally suffer from disrepair, incomplete infrastructure, and lack of public services. The renovation started in 2020, involving 88 buildings and 3,476 residents, with a total construction area of 126,000 square meters and an investment of 98 million yuan. It was completed in July 2022. After the renovation, the appearance of the Hongyuping area has been completely renewed, and the living environment has been significantly improved.

1. Attract social capital participation. A project company was jointly established by state-owned enterprises and social capital. The project company invested 20 million yuan, obtained a bank loan of 74 million yuan, and obtained 4 million yuan in district-level fiscal funds. By exploring idle resources and asset reuse in the area, community, and residential area, as well as "blood-generating points" such as parking, farmers' markets, supermarkets, advertising, and cleaning, sustainable operation and profitable repayment are achieved.

2. Joint consultation and construction by multiple parties. Following the approach of "Party building leadership, grassroots promotion, democratic consultation, and professional oversight," a five-discussion work mechanism of "resident proposals—joint discussion—community review—professional review—final resolution" was formed, with residents, relevant departments, street communities, and the project company jointly determining the construction, management, and operation plans for the old residential area renovation.

3. Establish a long-term management mechanism. Introduce a professional property service company to be responsible for the property management of the entire area and surrounding public areas. Establish a community self-governance leadership team with tiered leadership from the street Party working committee, community Party committee, grid Party branch, and Party group, to coordinate and organize, guide, and mobilize the self-governance work of various communities in the area. Four volunteer teams were formed for civilized guidance, garbage classification, conflict resolution, and safety patrols, working together with the property company for joint construction, governance, and management.

Case 4: Beijing Changshengyuan Community Old Residential Area Renovation Project

The project is located in Chengnan Street, Changping District. The community buildings were built in the 1990s, covering an area of approximately 26 hectares, with a permanent resident population of 2,341 households, 40 residential buildings, and 21 courtyards. Due to the high management costs of individual courtyards, there were problems such as disordered management, widespread illegal construction, and many outstanding infrastructure issues. The renovation started in July 2020, merging the original 21 communities into one, improving the overall regional environment, and achieving multiple improvements in organizational strength, spatial function, and service management.

1. Create a community co-governance atmosphere. Give full play to the role of the backbone organizational system of "community Party committee—grid Party branch—courtyard Party group—building Party members," making good use of the "three meetings and one letter" (holding Party member meetings, resident representative meetings, resident consultation meetings, and distributing a letter) to solicit opinions and suggestions from the people. In particular, regarding the issue of some residents opposing the demolition of illegal structures and walls in the early stages of the renovation, street staff and residents appeared on Beijing Television's program "Take a Step Forward" to explain the "legal, rational, and emotional" aspects, winning the understanding and support of the residents.

2. Insist on demolition of illegal structures before improvement. Adopt working methods such as carpet-style investigation, door-to-door visits, and wheel-style negotiations to promote demolition work. In just 62 days, more than 500 illegal structures and 1,000 meters of internal partition walls were all demolished without compensation, clearing obstacles and laying a solid foundation for community renovation.

3. Integrate and introduce property management. Mobilize 21 courtyard property units to transfer land management rights, organize owners to vote to merge 21 independent courtyards into one property management area, and publicly tender to introduce a property service enterprise for unified management.

Case 5: Liaoning Shenyang City Peony Community Renovation Project

The project is located in Sandaizi Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang City, covering an area of approximately 2.9 hectares, including 60 residential buildings in two communities, covering 3,094 households and 10,187 people. The Peony Community was built and put into use in the 1980s. Due to the lack of elderly care and childcare services, aging infrastructure, dilapidated municipal pipelines, and insufficient public space, residents strongly desired renovation. The renovation started in 2019, and by making up for the shortcomings in facilities and services, the renovation of old residential areas was fully integrated with the construction of a complete community, effectively improving residents' sense of gain, happiness, and security.

1. Conduct community physical examinations. A "community physical examination team" composed of community "people's designers" and community grid members undertakes daily community physical examinations. Five major categories of community shortcomings were identified, which were used to scientifically and accurately formulate construction plans.

2. Extensive participation of residents. A total of 15 meetings were held, and more than 2,800 questionnaires were completed. A "needs list" was tailored based on the wishes of the residents. A resident voluntary supervision team was formed to supervise the progress and quality of the project at any time. The project was subject to resident supervision during its execution.

3. Provide elderly care services. The proportion of residents aged 60 and above in the Peony Community is 40%. Through renovation, facilities such as a senior dining hall, senior activity room, assisted bathing room, day care room, and multi-functional hall were configured. Professional institutions were introduced through government procurement services to provide residents with 12 services, including assisted meals, assisted bathing, assisted cleaning, and medical care, meeting the diverse needs of the elderly.

III. Cases of Complete Community Construction

Case 6: Zhejiang Hangzhou Binjiang District Colorful Complete Community Renewal Project

The project is located in Xixing Street, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City. It covers an area of 46 hectares, involving three established communities, five residential areas, 5,487 residential units, and 20,824 residents. It is one of the earliest relocation and resettlement communities in Binjiang District. In early 2021, the construction of a complete community was fully launched, breaking the boundaries of the original established communities. The three communities were integrated according to unified planning, construction, and operation standards, integrating service resources and achieving sustainable operation through an integrated operation model.

1. Consolidate the joint efforts of grassroots governance. Establish a joint Party committee for the Colorful Community, and jointly establish a comprehensive law enforcement team and an operation and maintenance team with surrounding units. Integrate the property companies in the original five communities and maintenance units outside the communities, and use a unified bidding method to determine that one company will provide unified services.

2. Comprehensive Planning and Construction. By integrating the original small and scattered spaces of the three communities, 11,700 square meters of supporting service spaces were integrated to create nine service facilities centered on "Neighborly Gathering," such as a vibrant living room and a vibrant canteen, forming a highly integrated "5-minute, 15-minute life service circle" and improving the utilization rate of public service facilities. At the same time, in accordance with the goal of "comprehensive renovation once" for community improvement and transformation, projects such as zero sewage discharge and secondary water supply renovation were completed in the community, 2241 electric vehicle charging piles were installed, and 165 elevators were added.

3. Transforming Idle Resources into Treasures. By fully utilizing small spaces around residents, 59 first-floor corridors in various communities that were idle, dirty, messy, and posed fire safety hazards were transformed into warm spaces for neighborly gatherings and parent-child reading through methods such as "self-governance + crowdfunding," turning these corridors from waste into treasure.

4. Improving Community Governance Efficiency. A highly efficient "One-Stop Service" window was created to coordinate services for residents in the area and provide 24/7 one-stop community services. The "Vibrant Fun Together" mini-program was developed, organizing over 600 vibrant activities with a cumulative participation of over 13,000 people.

Case 7: Minzhu Village Complete Community Construction Project, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing City

The project is located in Xiejiabawan Street, Jiulongpo District, between the Yangjiaping Pedestrian Street and the Mixc shopping malls. It covers an area of 0.24 square kilometers, with a total of 3962 households and 8744 residents, with 30% of residents aged 60 or above. Nine buildings are 1950s Soviet-style red brick houses, while most of the remaining buildings were constructed in the 1990s. Since the launch of the complete community pilot project in 2022, it has combined environmental improvement and facility supplementation to create community courtyard activity spaces and build a convenient "ten-minute life circle."

1. Party Building Leading Grassroots Self-Governance. With the Red Steward Party and Mass Service Center as the core, a party building grid organization system has been formed, with the street party working committee, community party committee, grid party branch, party member building heads, and party member central households as the framework. This breaks down the boundaries of administrative community management and opens up the "last mile" of serving the masses.

2. Physical Examination First, Public Participation. A physical examination index system was established from the three levels of houses, communities, and neighborhoods to identify community problems. The "Five-Discussion Work Method" of resident proposals, mass discussions, community review, professional review, and final decision-making was implemented. More than 30 special activities were organized, and more than 400 resident opinions were adopted, with a public satisfaction rate of 96.8%.

3. Internal and External Improvements to Enhance Appearance. In conjunction with the old community quality improvement project, focusing on improving living functions, industrial functions, and ecological functions, the design of building indoor public areas, street-facing shop signs, and street lighting was updated, resulting in a significant improvement in the overall community environment.

4. Digital Empowerment and Smart Management. A "Cloud Minzhu Village" community digital platform was created, integrating cloud governance, cloud services, and cloud supervision functions. It covers more than 30 online functions, including suggestions, property services, education and employment, and healthy living, as well as intelligent functions such as real-time monitoring, early warning reminders, and decision analysis, helping to make community services more standardized and management more intelligent.

Case 8: Linfen Road No. 380 Lane Community Renewal Project, Shanghai

The project is located in Linfen Road Street, Jing'an District, and has four natural communities, with a total building area of 0.19 square kilometers, 47 building groups, 1864 households, and a permanent population of 4771. Since 2022, the community has used the construction of four homes—"All-Age Home," "Beautiful Home," "Digital Home," and "Self-Governing Home"—to extend services and resources to residents' doorsteps, promoting the transformation from a "single" community to a "complete" community.

1. Integration and Utilization of Existing Resources. By demolishing walls, two communities were jointly renovated to achieve shared public service facilities and public spaces. At the same time, various shared resources and vacant houses within the community were deeply excavated and integrated, and various public service facilities were added as appropriate. For example, an abandoned kindergarten was transformed into a comprehensive elderly service center, the original traffic police detachment office was transformed into a public service center, and the original abandoned garbage room was transformed into a Linfen environmental space.

2. Digital Empowerment of Community Governance. Relying on the "Public Opinion Log" resident database, information such as community population distribution and age was analyzed to build a community demand prediction model and adjust community service plans accordingly. Digital monitoring was expanded, and real-time dynamic monitoring of 23 application scenarios such as illegal parking, residents' use of fire and electricity, and care for the elderly living alone was conducted through sensing devices.

3. Improving Community Service Facilities Suitable for All Ages. A community comprehensive service center integrating functions such as canteens, express delivery, hairdressing, and laundry was built, with more than 30 square meters of comprehensive service area per 100 households, providing meals to 180,000 people annually. In terms of the elderly and children, with the "elderly service center" as the fulcrum, 37 elderly beds were set up, and a 2000-square-meter elderly service area was opened. A community "baby room" was opened to provide activity space for infants and young children in the community.

IV. Cases of Creating Vibrant Streets

Case 9: Shougang Old Industrial Zone (North Area) Renewal Project, Beijing

The project is located north of the West Extension of Chang'an Avenue, adjacent to the Yongding River and backed by Shijingshan Mountain. The planned area is 291 hectares, and the Shougang main plant area ceased production completely in 2010. At the end of 2015, the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee settled in Shougang, and the Shougang North Area began to comprehensively update and transform its development, adhering to the principle of "preserving what can be preserved and using what can be used." It strengthened the preservation and repair of industrial relics, breaking away from the old path of real estate development to create a new landmark for the capital's urban revitalization.

1. Emphasis on Major Event-Driven Development. Seizing the opportunity of the Winter Olympics, actively promoting the development of the "sports +" industry and related supporting service industries, and holding international major events and "first stores," "first launches," and "first shows" to comprehensively improve the comprehensive service capabilities of reception, organization, and operation required for the transformation of the old industrial area into a comprehensive urban service provider.

2. Emphasis on "Preservation" and "Construction." Adhering to the principle of "preserving what can be preserved and using what can be used," industrial relics are protected and utilized in a layered and graded manner, and an enterprise commitment system is introduced to innovate the approval model for the transformation of industrial structures.

3. Innovative Policy Implementation Paths. Optimizing the comprehensive implementation method of regional planning indicators, compiling a comprehensive implementation plan for the Shougang North Area, and exploring the work path of overall regional planning indicator coordination and flexible land control. Exploring flexible land supply methods, formulating and implementing opinions on the transformation, adjustment, and construction development of the Shougang old industrial area, and adopting various land supply methods such as negotiated transfer and allocation according to new planning uses and industry categories.

Case 10: Yuanfen New Village Urban Village Organic Renewal Project, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province

The project is located in Dalang Street, Longhua District, Shenzhen, covering an area of approximately 100,000 square meters. Before the renovation, the buildings were dilapidated and old, the infrastructure was backward, the environment was dirty and messy, there was a large gap in water and electricity, there was no fire protection and security system, and there was a lack of convenient life services. In 2018, through market-oriented lump-sum rental renovation and integrated village renewal, more than 100 apartments were renovated, serving more than 10,000 young residents.

1. Introducing social capital for long-term lump-sum leasing. Based on the government-led comprehensive improvement project, private enterprises and Yuanfen Community Stock Company will carry out strategic cooperation. Through the method of overall rental renovation of Yuanfen New Village, actively participate in overall planning, invest in building safety renovation, overall village appearance improvement, and public square and other convenient facility renovations, and continuously provide professional property management and operation services.

2. Ensuring affordability and livability for young people. Considering that over 80% of tenants are post-90s, and 40% of them are renting for the first time, the original layout is optimized and renovated according to the usage rate of young people. Unused land is used to add basketball courts, study rooms, gyms, and shared spaces such as sharing bars to create a "10-minute learning and fitness circle." While reasonably reducing the area of single units (rooms), ensure that rent does not increase and service quality does not decrease.

3. Widely seeking support from all parties. Signed a Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement with the State Development Bank. By the end of October 2023, a total of 1.25 billion yuan in revolving loans and 1.539 billion yuan in project loans have been completed. Cooperate with gas companies to carry out pilot projects of photovoltaic power generation in urban villages to explore solutions to the problems of water, electricity, gas, and heating in urban villages. Jointly with the Shenzhen Housing Provident Fund Center to carry out innovative pilot projects such as "housing provident fund direct payment of rent" to alleviate the pressure of rent for citizens.

Case 11: Chongqing Daijia Lane Old Street District Renovation Project

The project is located on a cliff on the bank of the Jialing River, covering an area of about 45 mu. The existing buildings were built in the 1970s-1990s. The streets are narrow, the houses are old and dilapidated, and there are prominent safety hazards. In 2018, unified planning and phased implementation of cliff-side trails, old communities, and commercial space updates were carried out, introducing high-quality business operations to drive residents to spontaneously renovate their houses. After its completion in 2021, it has become a new landmark and rekindled the vitality of the area.

1. Fully retain existing buildings. On the premise of completely preserving the street's appearance, micro-renovations such as strengthening the existing building structure, adding elevators, and landscape decoration were carried out to improve supporting facilities, widen the stepped alleys, and introduce new formats and functions. The street retains a building area of 62,400 square meters, with only 5.6% of buildings demolished, and the plot ratio reduced from 2.94 to 2.82, resulting in a comprehensive improvement in the quality of the spatial environment.

2. Implementation of unified operation by the main body. The government invested in the construction of new cliff-side trails and the transformation of the public environment. District-owned state-owned enterprises invested in the acquisition and transformation of some houses, introducing self-operated cultural and creative hotels, catering, and retail businesses to create an immersive commercial experience. State-owned enterprises took the lead in jointly establishing a "Business Alliance" with merchants to be responsible for the operation of the entire street's commercial formats, environmental order management, and maintenance of facilities and equipment, achieving an annual output value of over 100 million yuan.

3. Driving residents to renovate spontaneously. With the improvement of the street's environmental quality, property value, and commercial vitality, it has driven residents in the street to spontaneously carry out renovations of shops and houses above the second floor, actively promoting the installation of elevators and house renovations. After the renovation, various unique small shops were introduced, and the rent of street-front shops increased by 8-10 times, resulting in a significant increase in residents' income.

V. Cases of Improving Urban Functions

Case 12: Jiangxi Nanchang Leigong'ao Cultural and Sports Industry Park Project

The project was originally the service area of the Jiangxi Changjiu to Changzhang Expressway, put into use in 1996, covering an area of about 207 mu, with a building area of 58,000 square meters. In 2007, the section of the expressway was adjusted to an urban expressway, and the service area function was lost, resulting in the idling of the original facilities and land. In 2019, through phased and zoned concentrated and contiguous transformation and utilization, it was fully put into operation in October 2021, becoming a national example of the successful transformation of old expressway service areas.

1. Revitalization through protection. On the basis of unchanged property rights, land use, and building structure, a provincial state-owned platform company successfully introduced a Shanghai group with a total investment of approximately 300 million yuan, unified planning and contiguous transformation of the original service area, realizing the revitalization of idle land, the revitalization of historical buildings, and effective improvement of environmental quality.

2. Organic renewal driven by industrial transformation. In the planning and implementation of the project, we adhere to the principle of culture empowering sports, optimize the layout of industrial functions, and transform from a traditional expressway service area into a cultural and sports service complex. In 2022, the park's operating income was nearly 1 billion yuan, with nearly 1 million visitors, 50 million yuan in annual taxes, and nearly 2,000 jobs created. Currently, the land and buildings are valued at nearly 1.5 billion yuan.

Case 13: Shaanxi Xi'an Jianguomen Old Vegetable Market City Culture and Creative Street District Project

The project is located at the southeast foot of the Ming City Wall, covering an area of about 9.75 mu, with many streets with clear textures and small scales, as well as a large number of old residential areas and old factories. In 2019, with government support and enterprise participation, adhering to the principles of "preserving the original living conditions of the original residents" and "preserving the market atmosphere of the vegetable market," the street-front commercial houses were renovated to enrich the formats. It officially opened in May 2021 and has become a new carrier for the integrated development of culture, commerce, and tourism.

1. Implementing micro-updates and light renovations. Retaining the street texture and building structure to the maximum extent, such as retaining the original sloping building layout, stairwells, walls, idle switch rooms, and house rafter structures of old factories, relying on the daily life atmosphere of the vegetable market itself to create a city revitalization model street district integrating culture, tourism, and creative multiple formats.

2. Unified planning and design. Unified planning and design of the project and its surroundings, integrating fashionable elements, renovating building facades, and repairing environmental facilities to give the street buildings a new look and create a characteristic place space.

3. Independent operation by the implementing entity. With a social capital investment of 30 million yuan for upgrading and operation, based on the needs of surrounding residents, urban youth, and tourists, actively introducing characteristic catering, creative offices, and cultural and creative retail and other diversified formats to create a Xi'an cultural landmark that combines market life, fashion, and artistic atmosphere.

Case 14: Shanghai Yangpu Binjiang Public Space Barrier-Free Environment Construction Project

The project is located in the Yangpu Binjiang public space, with a total length of 15.5 kilometers. In order to make it easier for people with disabilities and the elderly to access the Binjiang area, the district government proposed to create a "Yangpu Binjiang Space Barrier-Free Innovation Demonstration Zone." By the end of 2023, the construction of the 6.7-kilometer demonstration section and the through section will be completed, realizing barrier-free facilities, information, and services along the Binjiang.

1. Scientific and orderly organization and implementation. A Yangpu Binjiang Space Barrier-Free Construction Working Group was established, headed by the deputy secretary of the district committee, to organize various forces and compile the "Yangpu Binjiang Public Space Barrier-Free Environment Construction Guidelines," including barrier-free environmental design requirements, smart service guidance, scene guidance, and implementation mechanisms, to comprehensively and scientifically guide the phased and orderly implementation of the project.

2. Emphasis on professional and refined design. Taking "having a good view of the Binjiang" as the goal, more than 20 node facilities such as handrails, steps, public toilets, and urban road entrances have been upgraded and renovated to improve the three major systems of passage facilities, service facilities, and guidance facilities, making it more convenient for the public to reach the waterfront platform.

3. Technology empowers sightseeing experiences. Develop intelligent voice guides, outdoor service systems, accessible digital maps, multi-functional handrails, and other products to create a digital twin visualization platform based on AR technology. Deploy automatic induction tour guides in the riverside public space to improve the sightseeing experience for people with special needs. Deploy outdoor assistance equipment to provide emergency rescue services for people with special needs.

VI. Cases of Renewal and Transformation of Urban Infrastructure

Case 15: Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, Urban Information Model (CIM) Basic Platform Construction Project

The project was officially launched in 2021, with a total investment of approximately 120 million yuan. It takes the formulation of the CIM standard system, the construction of a super-large city digital base, the development of the CIM basic platform, and the development of "CIM+" applications as the main line to build a three-dimensional base map for the city's urban construction, and carries out multiple application explorations such as "CIM+ industrial transformation" and "CIM+ smart construction sites," significantly improving the city's intelligent management and refined governance levels.

1. Build a highly efficient CIM basic platform. Develop efficient CIM data engines and CIM lightweight rendering technologies to build an intelligent CIM basic platform that includes BIM lightweight functions, CIM data engines, data management subsystems, and operation and maintenance management subsystems, realizing real-time fusion and expression of multi-source heterogeneous data at the city scale, block scale, and building component scale.

2. Gather multi-source data. A three-dimensional terrain and urban building white model covering more than 7,400 square kilometers in the entire city has been built, including a three-dimensional current model of 1,300 square kilometers in key areas and more than 1,900 BIM entities. Data on underground pipelines, buildings, etc., have been gathered, forming an information sharing directory containing 26 departments, promoting the co-construction and sharing of spatiotemporal basic data, resource survey data, planning and control data, engineering construction project data, public thematic data, and Internet of Things sensing data.

3. Create a "CIM+" industrial system. Carry out urban renewal applications and a comprehensive application demonstration of the "planning, design, construction, management, and operation" full life cycle of the Smart Pazhou, cultivating three types of industrial chains based on CIM: core industries, related industries, and application industries. Taking the Guangzhou Design Capital Phase II and the Huangpu District's New Generation Information Technology Innovation Park as leading parks, expanding four related parks, and creating a "2+4" industrial layout of Guangzhou's "New Urban Construction" industrial and application demonstration base.

Case 16: Shanghai Municipal Grid Management Information System "One Network Unified Management" Construction Project

The project originated from the Shanghai Municipal Grid Management Information System. In April 2005, Shanghai began to explore the path of urban grid management. After years of continuous construction and improvement, Shanghai's urban grid management has developed from an innovative work model into one of the basic platforms supporting urban management, forming an urban integrated management and supervision and command system that integrates management systems, management standards, and management platforms.

1. Establish a three-level command platform. Relying on the concept of urban governance "One Network Unified Management," develop system functions that are "horizontal to the edge and vertical to the bottom." The city-level platform strengthens technical specifications, supervision and assessment, and coordination and command; the district-level platform coordinates resources and regional collaboration; and the street-level platform emphasizes rapid discovery and efficient handling.

2. Technology empowers urban governance. Focusing on the overall requirements of the urban governance "One Network," a City Information Model (CIM) platform has been built, realizing real-time access and intelligent analysis of more than 23,000 sets of sensing equipment and nearly 250,000 video channels, integrating 12345 hotline data, and establishing a management closed loop of real-time dynamic perception, intelligent task generation, flat instruction dispatch, and efficient event handling.

3. Establish an assessment mechanism. The Municipal Urban Operation Center, together with the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Management Committee, assesses the district urban operation centers. The district Party committee organization department assesses the district-level business management departments according to the task list, and the district Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision conducts supervision and evaluation of issues such as the failure of departments and streets to implement tasks. Currently, scientific assessment has been achieved for 16 districts, 224 street-level urban operation centers, 2,409 responsible grids, 15.6 million urban components, 87 types of urban management events, and nearly 7,000 grid members across the city.

Case 17: Hefei City, Anhui Province, Basic Infrastructure Lifeline Safety Engineering Construction Project

The project was launched in 2016. Following the principle of combining "points, lines, and surfaces," it was constructed in three phases, expanding from densely populated and piped areas to the entire region, building a city lifeline engineering safety operation monitoring system covering eight major fields in Hefei City, including gas, bridges, and water supply, with a total investment of approximately 1.6 billion yuan. Since its commissioning, the efficiency of urban safety operation risk investigation has increased by 70%, and the accident rate has decreased by 60%.

1. Construction of a safe operation system. Research and development of key technologies such as "front-end perception, risk location, and early warning linkage" to build a comprehensive urban safety risk monitoring and early warning platform, carry out city-wide demonstration applications, and successively deploy 85,000 sets of various sensing equipment, covering 137 bridges and 7,316 kilometers of pipelines, forming an urban safety risk level map.

2. Establish a risk disposal mechanism. Establish a city lifeline engineering safety operation monitoring center, issue safety risk monitoring and early warning response procedures, and form a "full chain" early warning and disposal mechanism including duty, risk reporting, analysis and judgment, technical support, and auxiliary decision-making to ensure the timeliness and regulatory nature of risk monitoring and early warning.

3. Create a tens-of-billions-level industrial cluster. Build an ecosystem led by the city lifeline industry development group, supported by the Tsinghua University Hefei Public Safety Research Institute, and with the cooperation of many industrial chain enterprises. Currently, more than 300 key enterprises have been gathered, and the scale of related industries exceeds 50 billion.

Case 18: Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, Urban Water System Scientific Dispatching System Construction Project

The project was launched in 2017, using 5G, big data, and other information technologies to gather basic data from multiple departments, including meteorology, water affairs, transportation, housing and urban-rural construction, water conservancy, and public security, to build an urban water system scientific dispatching system. After the completion of the project, the city's drainage and flood prevention efficiency has increased by 50%, and the inner river regulation and storage efficiency has increased by 80%, forming a long-term management mechanism for water control.

1. Establish a joint dispatch and control command system. The water system scientific dispatching system integrates the water management authority of multiple departments such as construction, water conservancy, and urban management, combines and improves functions such as flood control, drainage, water diversion, and sewage treatment, and realizes unified management by the joint dispatch and control center, ensuring that dispatching instructions can be directly delivered, the disposal process can be traced, and flood control responsibilities can be assessed.

2. Construct three systems: monitoring, analysis, and dispatching. Monitoring, sensing, and automated control units are deployed at 3,126 points in the main urban area, forming three systems: "eyes," "brain," and "hands." The monitoring system creates "eyes" to identify problems; model calculations create "brains" to analyze problems; and the automatic control system creates "hands" to solve problems.

3. Focus on both peacetime and emergency use. During the flood season, the water system scientific dispatching system is the "strongest brain" for joint dispatch and control emergency command, assisting in flood and typhoon prevention; during the non-flood season, the water system scientific dispatching system transforms into a management tool for ecological water systems, with group gates linked together for precise ecological water replenishment.

Case 19: Shanghai Jing'an District Solid Waste Transfer Center Renewal Project

Before the renovation, the project's internal equipment was outdated, and the discharge of waste gas and wastewater was significantly substandard. Renovation began in 2020. Through internal space optimization, functional improvements, and technological empowerment, the project transformed from a single production site into a comprehensive venue integrating operations, tours, science education, and conferences.

1. Establish a coordination mechanism. The district's public security bureau, urban management bureau, and local street offices, etc., fully assessed uncontrollable factors during project implementation. With the local street office as the main body, coordination and cooperation with surrounding residents were carried out.

2. Fully respect public opinion. During implementation, the original living habits of residents were considered. Only the internal space was modified, not the external environment. The second-floor street garden remained open to the public during construction, avoiding excessive focus on the project and impacting its normal implementation. No complaints or visits were received from citizens via the 12345 hotline during the renovation.

3. Enhance transfer capacity. During project planning and design, the focus was on adjusting and dividing functions within the existing space. The newly added conference rooms, deodorization equipment, and wastewater treatment equipment were all accommodated within the existing space. After the renovation, the floor area ratio did not increase, but the capacity for transferring domestic waste increased by 25%, from 400 tons per day to over 500 tons.

VII. Cases of Urban Ecological Restoration

Case 20: Hefei Yuanbo Garden Project, Anhui Province

The project is located east of the former Luogang Airport runway in Hefei, covering a total area of 323 hectares. Originally the site of the Luogang Airport, the project started in August 2022. The 3-kilometer-long airport runway has been completely preserved. Through landscape reshaping, sponge city construction, and renovation of existing buildings, the original terminal building has been transformed into an urban construction museum, creating a green and shared urban park.

1. Reshape the park's ecological functions. Regional ecological resource assessment and site assessment were conducted to identify important ecological functions. Through landform shaping, plant landscape creation, and soil improvement, the site's natural landscape was reshaped. Nearly 10,000 trees were preserved, transforming the former airport, with 31% hard surface area, into an urban ecological functional area with over 75% blue-green space.

2. Create a sponge city park. Using permeable paving, vegetated ditches, and overflow rainwater pipelines, nearly 300,000 square meters of sunken green space was created. Over 1,000 mu of water systems and wetlands were dredged and constructed. Rainwater harvesting, sponge facility purification, aquatic plant and animal purification and absorption, and water replenishment and replacement purification technologies were used to achieve self-balance, self-circulation, and self-purification of the water system in the area.

3. Maximum preservation and protection of existing buildings. The principle of "primarily preserving, with modification, demolition, and relocation as supplementary measures" was adopted for building renovation. The land boundaries, street layout and scale texture, and courtyard combination pattern and characteristics were kept unchanged. The 160,000-square-meter old building group of Luogang Airport was transformed into a Yuanbo town integrating "food, accommodation, transportation, travel, shopping, and entertainment."

4. Integrated promotion of "planning, industry, and operation." Adhering to the principle of "industry first, operation in advance," various green leisure industries, including sports, cultural creativity, experience, tourism and shopping, science education, and health care, were introduced. Project construction was promoted simultaneously, achieving "opening and operation at the same time."

Case 21: Baota Mountain Scenic Area Protection and Improvement Project, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province

The project is located in the center of Yan'an city. Restricted by the unique terrain of "three mountains and two rivers," residents had long built numerous cave dwellings on the mountain slopes, resulting in scattered layouts, conflicts between people and scenery, and severe ecological damage to the mountain, impacting the image of the revolutionary holy land. In 2017, Yan'an city, adhering to the overall approach of protecting cultural relics and improving people's livelihoods, launched the Baota Mountain Scenic Area protection and improvement project, increasing efforts in mountain restoration, and comprehensively improving the living environment.

1. Strengthen geological disaster management. Slope stabilization, mountain trail reinforcement, and reinforcement of the rocks and cave dwellings on both sides were carried out to address safety hazards such as landslides. Based on this, systematic ecological restoration was implemented to rebuild the mountain's ecology, restore the original appearance of the scenic area, and enhance the scenic area's environmental quality and safety.

2. Improve service functions. The spatial layout was optimized, incorporating tourism service consultation, museum exhibitions, cafes, bookstores, and rest areas. Landscaped architectural treatments were used, integrating roof spaces with the landscape environment to create a spatial layout with commemorative, commemorative, and pilgrimage characteristics.

3. Achieve integration of mountains and water. Some mountain cave dwellings were preserved and repaired. By sorting out the relationship between Baota Mountain, Nanchuan River, and the city, the buildings were integrated into the mountains and rivers. The architectural style continues the regional cultural characteristics, achieving a blend of old and new buildings.

Case 22: Maozhou River Governance Project, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province

The project is located in the northwestern part of Shenzhen. Affected by rapid urbanization, excessive population concentration, and weak environmental infrastructure, the water quality of the 55 main and tributary rivers in the Maozhou River basin was once all Class V or worse, seriously affecting the city's image and the lives of surrounding residents. Since 2016, Shenzhen has achieved a transformation from foul-smelling waterways to beautiful scenery through scientific, precise, and law-based pollution control.

1. Innovate the river basin governance system and mechanism. A river basin management center was established to coordinate and dispatch river basin water governance work, solving problems such as unclear responsibilities, poor coordination, and multiple management among different management units within the river basin. The EPC general contracting model was adopted to package water control projects as a whole using the river basin as a unit, forming a new model of "large-scale operations and whole-basin governance," and promoting improvements in the quality and efficiency of water control projects.

2. Achieve a virtuous cycle of wastewater treatment and reuse. Adhering to the technical route of city-wide separation of rainwater and sewage, the water control efforts shifted from end-of-pipe interception to source control. The basin added 810,000 tons of wastewater treatment capacity, with a total wastewater treatment scale reaching 1.2 million tons/day, and the effluent water quality all reaching Class IV or above. A basin-wide water replenishment network was built, providing 960,000 tons of ecological water replenishment to 39 tributaries daily, increasing water environmental capacity. 2578 residential communities and urban villages underwent source control transformation, basically achieving "full collection of sewage, full treatment of collected sewage, and full compliance with treatment standards."

3. Implement integrated management of "plant-network-river." Using the river basin as a unit and water quality targets as guidance, city-wide drainage management was promoted into residential communities, improving the operational efficiency and service quality of water facilities. A grid management model was built, with community river chiefs as the fulcrum, integrating the social comprehensive governance network and drainage pipe maintenance network, achieving multi-party linkage, combination of departments, and joint management.

Case 23: Yangtze River National Cultural Park Renovation Project, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province

The project is located along the Yangtze River from Pipa Pavilion in Xunyang District to the Xin Kaihe port in the Economic and Technological Development Zone, with a total length of approximately 11.2 kilometers. In the urban health check, addressing the issue of citizens' "inability to see the river despite being near it," the project improved the ecological quality along the river through unified planning, resource integration, and the construction of a complete flood control system, becoming a new landmark for Jiujiang's cultural tourism.

1. Combining flood control safety bottom line with water environment quality improvement. Strictly reinforce and rectify the Yangtze River banks in accordance with flood control standards. No new large and medium-sized permanent structures shall be built within 20 meters of the backwater surface, so that the Yangtze River main dyke and existing bank protection projects constitute a complete flood control engineering system. Adhere to the green ecological concept and promote the construction of ecological corridors along the river and sponge cities.

2. Combining overall transformation with micro-space transformation. Through the overall connection of the riverside greenway and the improvement of roadside greening, the improvement of the landscape of the Pipa Pavilion scenic area, and the transformation of Suojiang Tower, Xunyuan Tower, and Lianhua Square, open up the riverside view and form a pattern of urban linkage along the river.

3. Combining historical and cultural heritage with modern trendy culture. Deeply excavate the cultural resources of scenic spots along the river, realize the organic integration of culture and tourism, ecology and tourism, and let cultural heritage and urban renewal form a positive interaction.

4. Combining project construction with pre-operation. The operator participates in the preliminary design of the transformation plan in advance. After the completion of the project transformation, a multi-business complex of cultural tourism, characteristic catering, leisure shopping, and water sightseeing will be formed. Since its opening half a year ago, more than 30 themed activities have been planned and held, with a total of more than 1.4 million tourists received, a year-on-year increase of 200%.

VIII. Cases of Protection and Inheritance of Urban History and Culture

Case 24: Sanfang Qixiang Historical and Cultural Street District Protection and Renewal Project, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

The project is located in the core area of Fuzhou's ancient city, with a total planned area of 39.81 hectares. It still retains a relatively complete fishbone-shaped street alley pattern. Since 2006, the street district restoration has adhered to the principles of "inlay-style, gradual, micro-circulation, small-scale, and uninterrupted". Through government leadership, expert leadership, state-owned enterprise demonstration, and public participation, it maximizes the protection of historical relics, inherits urban cultural context, and explores the implementation approaches for the overall revitalization of historical and cultural street districts and surrounding areas.

1. Establish a protection and repair system. Guided by the protection plan, formulate methods for the protection and management of historical and cultural street districts, the relocation and repair of ancient buildings, and the use of funds. Complete the special fire protection plan, and strengthen policy research on financial support, industrial guidance, and safety resilience for organic renewal of the street district.

2. Repair as it was. In order to protect the authenticity of the overall appearance of the street district, a professional design team and a construction team with cultural relic protection qualifications are organized to carry out the repair work together. At present, a total of 26 cultural relic protection units, more than 100 unclassified cultural relic sites, historical buildings, and traditional style buildings have been repaired, with a total completed area of approximately 260,000 square meters.

3. Promote the integration of culture and tourism. With "culture + cultural creativity" as the leader, strengthen the management of industry access and support for traditional industries, attract 54 enterprises such as lacquerware and Chinese time-honored brands to settle in, with the proportion of cultural and creative industries exceeding 60%, and the number of tourists has exceeded 10 million for eight consecutive years.

Case 25: Pingjiang Road Historical and Cultural Street District Protection and Renewal Project, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province

The project is located in the northeast corner of Suzhou's ancient city, with an area of approximately 116 hectares. Before the street district transformation, there were problems such as aging and damage of traditional residential houses, weak infrastructure, and uneven quality of spatial appearance. In recent years, Suzhou City has deeply excavated the cultural context of historical street districts and historical buildings, and has promoted the protection and renewal project of the Pingjiang Historical and Cultural Street District with high quality and precision, achieving good results.

1. Retain some original residents. In view of the complex and dispersed ownership of ancient buildings and old houses, actively organize the original residents of the houses to conduct consultations and coordination. Through the symbiosis of buildings, residents, and culture, retain the mechanism of the old house layout, retain the original residents and old neighborhoods, and continue the lifestyle, community network, and historical context of the old city.

2. Attract social capital participation. Adopt the method of "government support and guidance—state-owned enterprises provide existing assets—private enterprises invest in operation" to jointly promote the renewal of the area. For example, No. 13 Dongshengli is state-owned assets. After being leased by a private enterprise, it is designed, invested, and operated commercially, and enjoys all the benefits of operation.

3. Promote the revitalization and utilization of ancient buildings and old houses. The Suzhou Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Department has transformed the national key cultural relic protection unit "Pan's Residence in front of Weidao Temple" into the Suzhou Urban Construction Museum and opened it to the public. District-owned state-owned enterprises have successively repaired ancient buildings and old houses such as No. 13 Gujiayuan and No. 47 Xuanqiao Lane. After the repair, they are mainly recommended to various high-end market entities such as listed companies, empowering the development of contemporary enterprises with the millennium cultural context of Gusu, and creating a Gusu "city living room".

Case 26: Taoyangli Historical City Protection and Renewal Project, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province

The project is located in the traditional old city area of Jingdezhen, with a planned land area of 334.74 mu and a total construction area of approximately 200,000 square meters. In recent years, Jingdezhen has transformed from old city renovation to cultural and creative industries and tourism services through the renovation and transformation of the imperial kiln site and the surrounding 108 old alleys, Ming and Qing kiln groups, and modern ceramic industrial heritage, so that the Taoyangli historical and cultural street district has both "bookish atmosphere" and "human touch".

1. Pay attention to protection and inheritance. Taking Jingdezhen's "application for world heritage" as the leader, taking the imperial kiln as the core, and taking "three ceramics and one area" as the key point, implement three-dimensional control and protection of old streets, old factories, old alleys, and old kiln sites. Through cultural empowerment, repair and form a porcelain culture research and study experience base, a traditional porcelain research, study, and display center, reactivate the porcelain culture in the street district, and reproduce the 1000-year-old ceramic cultural relics, 600-year-old imperial kiln cultural relics, and 100-year-old ceramic industrial heritage of Jingdezhen.

2. Pay attention to organic updates. Adhere to small and micro updates with "retention" as the main focus. Through more than 80% retention and modification, and a small part of demolition and new construction, maximize the protection of relics from different eras. Strictly follow the supporting role principle and the patching principle, respect the surrounding street district landscape environment and old terrain, and make up for shortcomings such as insufficient parking functions.

3. Innovate the fire acceptance mechanism. Through comprehensive fire acceptance, innovative technical standards, special case special review, the establishment of a smart fire system and a mass prevention and mass control mechanism, properly handle the relationship between repair and protection and fire acceptance. Formulate the "Interim Regulations on Fire Management of Historical City Repair and Protection and Old Factory and Old Factory Building Renovation and Transformation Projects in Jingdezhen City" to provide policy support for the project.

Case 27: Shijingshan District, Beijing Modekou Historical and Cultural Street District Protection and Renewal Project

The project is located in the central part of Shijingshan District, covering an area of 34.46 hectares. There are 2 national-level cultural relic protection units, 2 municipal-level cultural relic protection units, 17 district-level cultural relic protection units, and 37 valuable courtyards in the area. Since 2020, drawing on the symbiotic courtyard model, a 1000-square-meter "Jingxi Bai Bian Courtyard" has been built to become the Modekou citizens' living room, and the street district appearance has been significantly improved.

1. Carry out lump-sum rental and relocation to integrate housing resources. Adopt a combined model of "lump-sum rental + relocation", lump-sum renting 118 households and 99 rooms along the street, with a total construction area of 8200 square meters, laying the foundation for the comprehensive completion of the repair and transformation and upgrading of the facades of the main streets and alleys.

2. Focus on the comprehensive improvement of the traditional community environment. The street established a special action command for comprehensive environmental improvement, with Jinding Street leading the initiative. The "street whistles, departments report" mechanism was fully utilized, and the "Model Port Old Neighborhood Forum" was established. Volunteers actively offered suggestions, participated in co-governance, and resolved conflicts, promoting environmental improvement work.

3. Implement precise investment attraction to enhance the quality of business formats. After adjustments and upgrades, traditional courtyards introduced diverse business formats. Large-scale, high-quality cultural courtyards drive regional commercial vitality, while small shops along the streets enrich the local atmosphere. Courtyard design and merchant selection are seamlessly integrated. Building and landscape design is tailored to the needs of merchants. After the completion of the main structure, merchants immediately begin interior work, shortening construction time while ensuring the rational use of the building.

Case 28: Xiao Xihu Area Protection and Renewal Project in Lao Chengnan, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province

Located in Lao Chengnan, the project covers an area of 4.69 hectares. It is one of 28 historical and cultural districts in Nanjing, preserving 7 historical streets and alleys, 7 historical buildings, and over 30 traditional courtyards. In 2019, the project officially commenced. The area aims to "preserve memories, improve people's livelihood, enhance vitality, and continue its unique character," promoting "small-scale, gradual" community courtyard micro-renewal with the participation of multiple ownership entities.

1. Explore the "micro-corridor" renewal model. It pioneered the laying of underground micro-integrated corridors with high safety factors and low maintenance costs. This orderly underground placement of municipal pipelines achieves rainwater and sewage separation, eliminates waterlogging problems, improves fire safety, improves urban functions, and enhances the quality of life for residents in the area.

2. Utilize Nanjing's new city to support the old city funding policy. Nanjing coordinates the funding between new city construction and old city renewal. Each year, the development revenue from the southern new city supports Qinhuai District with 2 billion yuan for urban renewal projects such as Xiao Xihu, which include residential and historical and cultural protection projects.

3. Improve the mechanism of joint consultation, construction, and sharing. Based on the spatial pattern and property rights of the historical and cultural district, micro-renovations are carried out on a small scale and gradually, using methods such as "one house, one policy," with courtyards and single buildings as units. While preserving the original residential functions and courtyard forms, residents independently choose spatial functions, participate in the design of public spaces throughout the process, and cooperate in construction, jointly consulting, constructing, and sharing urban renewal.